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Optimizing Windows 10 for better performance and security involves a combination of system settings adjustments, regular maintenance, and utilizing built-in tools. Here are several actionable steps you can take:

Performance Optimization

  1. Update Windows:

    • Always keep your system updated. Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and check for updates.

  2. Disable Unnecessary Startup Programs:

    • Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager, go to the Startup tab, and disable programs that you don’t need to run at startup.

  3. Adjust Visual Effects:

    • Open Control Panel > System > Advanced system settings. Under the Performance section, click on Settings. Select Adjust for best performance or customize which effects to disable.

  4. Free Up Disk Space:

    • Use the Disk Cleanup tool (search for it in the Start menu) to remove temporary files, system cache, and other unnecessary files.

  5. Defragment Your Hard Drive:

    • If you are using an HDD, search for Defragment and Optimize Drives in the Start menu and defragment your drive. For SSDs, Windows automatically handles this, but ensure TRIM is enabled.

  6. Optimize Power Settings:

    • Adjust your power settings to maximize performance. Go to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options and select the High performance plan.

  7. Uninstall Unused Programs:

    • Review installed applications in Settings > Apps and uninstall any programs you no longer need.

  8. Limit Background Apps:

    • Go to Settings > Privacy > Background apps and turn off apps that you don’t want running in the background.

  9. Use SSD for Faster Performance:

    • If possible, upgrade to a solid-state drive (SSD) for significantly faster boot and load times.

Security Optimization

  1. Enable Windows Defender:

    • Ensure Windows Defender (built-in antivirus) is active. Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security and check your protection status.

  2. Use a Standard User Account:

    • Instead of an administrator account for daily tasks, use a standard user account to limit access to critical system changes.

  3. Enable Firewall:

    • Ensure that the Windows Firewall is turned on. Go to Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Defender Firewall.

  4. Make Use of BitLocker:

    • If you’re on Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise, consider enabling BitLocker to encrypt your drives. Go to Control Panel > System and Security > BitLocker Drive Encryption.

  5. Turn on Ransomware Protection:

    • Set up Controlled Folder Access through Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Manage ransomware protection to help protect against ransomware threats.

  6. Regularly Backup Your Data:

    • Use Windows Backup options or a third-party backup solution to regularly back up your important files.

  7. Use Strong Passwords and Enable 2FA:

    • Create strong, unique passwords for all accounts and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for added security.

  8. Avoid Using Administrator Mode:

    • Avoid running applications as an administrator unless necessary, as this can expose your system to greater risks.

  9. Monitor System and Network Activity:

    • Use tools like Windows Event Viewer and Resource Monitor to keep an eye on unusual activity.

  10. Educate Yourself on Phishing and Scams:

    • Be vigilant and aware of common phishing schemes and scams. Avoid clicking on links or downloading attachments from untrusted sources.

By following these steps, you can enhance both the performance and security of your Windows 10 system, leading to a smoother and safer computing experience.