Does Red Light Therapy stimulate Mitochondria? Not always…

Does Red Light Therapy stimulate Mitochondria? Not always…



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References [Copy & Paste DOI into Search Engine]
[1] doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.05.008
[2] doi:10.1007/s10103-023-03906-y
[3] doi:10.1155/2021/6626286
[4] doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.033
[5] doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2561201
[6] doi:10.1002/jbio.202300521

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#redlighttherapy #mitochondrialhealth

you know what's fascinating red light and near red light therapy both improves and worsens mitocondrial function but you didn't expect that answer out of the gate I'll explain why in a bit because I analyzed five studies looking into if a red light therapy actually affects mitochondria or not I also called my dad up for this investigation because this topic required a bit of uh physics understanding and he and his PhD and physics and his dissertation was in lasers I mean I've been extremely dissatisfied by the explanations that people have offered on social media as to exactly how red light therapy affects mitochondri all I ever hear is uh it improves mitochondrial function or it increases cellular energy but how exactly anyway we'll we'll get into it for us to understand anything on what I'm about to show you it's important for you to understand how mitochondria function at at least a little here's a mitochondria and we can see that it has two membranes that separate the inside of the mitochondrian from the inside of the cell called the cytool the innermost membrane the inner membrane is inundated with different functional proteins and one group of proteins is called the electron transport chain made up of depending on who you ask five complex proteins they have sciency names given to them at Birth by their mitochondria parents like nadh ubiquinone oxido reductase but let's go with their simpler names complex one 2 3 four and five continuing the simple theme these first four complexes exchange something called electrons in such a way that allows complex five to generate cellular energy known as ATP and yes this is why my mondria are considered the PowerHouse of the cell anyway that's a bit of background which is important because we're going to have to fill in some details later and complexify it up in one study researchers took a photobiomodulation the fancy term for light therapy to muscle cells and brain cells of rats and measured the activity of some of these mitochondrial complexes now you can see why I introduced you to them they didn't like you very much but let's move on to the data here we're looking at muscle cells exposed to the light after 5 minutes and after 60 Minutes on the left we have complex one of the mitochondrian in the middle is complex 2 and the right is complex 4 the controls are cells not exposed to the photobiomodulation and the 10 30 and 60 are different intensities of light in Jewels what you'll notice is that the effects are a little all over the place with no effect on complex 2 after 5 minutes and a loss of an effect in complex one after 60 minutes and that was there after 5 minutes I mean it's pretty fascinating how all over the place this all is these results were mostly repeated in brain cells as well now this might be a simple experiment because we're applying the light directly to the cells but what it also removes is many confounding factors we also don't need to rely on just that study because there are others like this one that took samples from people undergoing surgery after red light therapy and interestingly the researchers also showed a number of mitochondrial markers that were different although they were more focused on morphology proteins meaning proteins that influence the size and shape of mitochondria I don't find this evidence provided all that convincing of anything except that these mitochondrial proteins were changed in concentration from exposure to red light therapy regardless where we're building evidence that red light therapy does affect mitochondria this particular study was fascinating because this is the one that showed near red light therapy might be detrimental to mitochondrial function as one example here the researchers have isolated cow liver mitochondrian and eradiated them and then measured the amount of ATP generated by complex 5 it's the fancy name is ATP synthes as you'll see relative to the control zero there the therapy dramatically reduced mitochondrial ATP generation when applied at low power yet normalized at moderate power and then increased at higher power if you want a more granular look across the Power Ranges here you go again low power reduced ATP generation higher power increase the production but then even higher drops ATP synthesis back down isn't that interesting I mean it's just so conditional you know all right I'll mention what that all means in a bit but I also wanted to see if this could be confirmed uh in Vivo meaning in a living creature I actually didn't watch humans for this but rather a naive subject like mice the previous research that we've gone over is in tissue samples cells and isolated mitochondria all very informative but it's nice to check in living tissue as well as potentially look at some functional outcomes the model used by the researchers of this study doesn't matter all too much but if you're curious they used a neurocognitive disorder model of mice so mice with cognitive deficits and applied near infrared therapy to the mice and measured functional outcomes here we're looking at a measure of memory and thinking ability the mice were trained on a where a specific hole was and then when tasked with finding the hole again over multiple attempts over days the time it took to find the hole acted as the measure so the higher the line the worse the result the black line is the mice without cognitive deficit the L tan line is the healthy mice given the infrared therapy the blue line is those mice with the cognitive deficits and the Orange is the mice with the cognitive deficits given near infrared therapy first it's obious the mice with cognitive deficiency struggled no matter how many times they were exposed however the Striking result was the effect near infrared therapy had I mean look at that Improvement as a matter of fact here's the top down view the Green Dot is where they started and the Red Dot is the target hole I don't even need to identify the conditions because you can clearly see that the cognitively impaired mice moved around a lot trying to find it yet cherum ATP levels were also recovered with infrared therapy as seen in red compared to the blue so across multiple studies these photobiomodulation therapies seem to improve mitochondrial function except there's still a great mystery by the way there's another study that I have a big issue with but it does offer some really interesting results on blood sugar regulation in humans from a photobiomodulation therapy I'll be covering that one for the physic insiders if you aren't already a member then join using the link in the description but back to the mystery this mystery comes down to how does this work it bugs me to just leave it so open-ended and just say that it improves mitochondrial function great how as I mentioned I spoke to my dad who also has his PhD but in physics and has done extensive work with lasers I described some of the proposed mechanisms like those outlined in this review and we discussed on a few possibilities that make sense I hope that you have your seat belt on in the Magic School Bus because we're about to discuss some heavy details on how mitochondria function you already know that mitochondria have that inner and outer membrane and that the inner membrane contains these protein complexes that make up the electron transport chain you should also know that there's a gradient between the exterior of the mitochondrian and the interior of the mitochondria the interior is much more negative in charge so when your mitochondria produce cellular energy producing those ATP molecules the way that they do that is by allowing positively charged protons to spin complex 5 also known as the ATP synthes in doing so those protons flow in into the insection of the mitochondrian and since they're positively charged they reduce the membrane potential in other words the more positive exterior of the mitochondrian and the interior become more similar so they're both positive this is problematic because if the two sides are the same there's no drive for the protons to continue to flow across complex 5 and therefore you stop producing at TP for cellular energy think of it like a water mill that has no more water turning the wheel no more mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell fortunately the other complexes of the electron transport chain pump protons back out of the internal section back out thereby maintaining the membrane potential more negative inside it's like a futile cycle of pumping protons out then allowing them back in through the complex 5 but the end result is that you keep producing ATP okay where does red light and near red light come in there are many mechanisms that have been outlined some speculative however it seems that red light interacts with the complexes of the electron transport chain and can energize them increasing their activity so more proton pumping more ATP generation and so on in addition red light can interact with complex 4 which is believed to act as a photo receptor and can accept more electrons that then allows more protons to be pumped out of the mitochondrian thereby increasing the membrane potential remember greater negativity inside also there is an interaction with oxygen at complex 4 and interestingly other molecules can block that interaction of oxygen with complex four like nitric oxide this nitric oxide is bound to the Heen groups that make up part of complex 4 and red light can dislodge these nitric oxide molecules allowing oxygen to interact a new this further AIDS in the maintenance of the membrane potential and the generation of ATP it's also believed that red light therapy and the like can affect mitochondrial retrograde signaling since that's just so obvious I just won't even bother explaining it right I kid of course it's basically that because there are these changes in ATP concentration as well as other molecules like calcium reactive oxygen species and so on this has a trickle down effect on other signaling molecules that could enter the nucleus of the cell where genes are housed and change the gene expression there's a lot more to it than that but at least this offers some explanation Beyond uh light do good mitochondria which is what I feel social media devolves to and we just accept it a sufficient explanation well not here and if you're interested in more on my work on red light therapy just hop on over to this video of mine it shines a light on the topic good one [Music] Nick yeah

#Red #Light #Therapy #stimulate #Mitochondria #always..

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